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The Islamic Caliphate
632 to 1922
Rashidun Caliphate – 30 years
Umayyad Caliphate – 89 years
Abbasid Caliphate – 764 years
Ottoman Caliphate – 407 years
= 1,290 Years
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RASHIDUN CALIPHATE
632 to 661 = 30 years
History of the Four Righteous Caliphs
632 AD – The Death of Muhammad and the birth of the Islamic Caliphate
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Reign of Abu Bakr
First Caliph – Abu Bakr assumed power ruling over the Rashidun Caliphate from June 632 to August 634. (2 1/2 years) Once in power, Abu Bakr launched the Ridda Wars to quell an outbreak of “apostasy” in various lands outside Medina. The Ridda Wars, however, were expanded to include the use of force against Muslims who did not recognize Abu Bakr’s government, instead of solely focusing on those who had left Islam. After the conclusion of the Ridda Wars, Abu Bakr launched campaigns into Syria and Persia, but died before their conclusion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate
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Conquests of Umar Ibn
The Second leader of the Caliphate was Umar who reigned for 10 years from August 634 to November 644. — Umar was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq (“the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)”). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar
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Murder of Uthman Ibn
Uthman ibn Affan was the Third leader of the Rashidun Caliphate who reigned for 12 years from November 644 to June 656. — He was also known in English and by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman. — Under Uthman’s leadership, the Islamic empire expanded into Fars (present-day Iran) in 650, and some areas of Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) in 651. The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s. His reign also saw widespread protests and unrest that eventually led to armed revolt and his assassination.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman
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Partisans of Ali Ibn
Ali ibn Abi Talib was the Fourth Caliphate and the last prophet of Islam and reigned for 5 1/2 years from June 656 to January 661. — He was appointed caliph by Muhammad’s companions after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali’s reign saw civil wars and in 661 he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali
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Legacy of Hasan and Husayn
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